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| The elements of traditional Chinese culture as being integral to Chinese society. With the rise of Chinese nationalism and the end of the Cultural Revolution, various forms of traditional Chinese art, literature, music, film, fashion and architecture have seen a vigorous revival,[418][419] and folk and variety art in particular have sparked interest nationally and even worldwide.[420] China is now the third-most-visited country in the world,[421] with 55.7 million inbound international visitors in 2010.[422] It also experiences an enormous volume of domestic tourism; an estimated 740 million Chinese holidaymakers travelled within the country in October 2012 alone.[423] Traditional Chinese food in Tianjin, including dumpling, baozi and guobacai Cuisine Main article: Chinese cuisine Chinese cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history. The dynastic emperors of ancient China were known to have many dining chambers in their palaces, with each chamber divided into several departments, each responsible for a specific type of dish.[424] China's staple food is rice. Pork is the most popular meat in China, accounting for about three-fourths of the country's total meat consumption.[425] Spices are central to Chinese cuisine. Numerous foreign offshoots of Chinese food, such as Hong Kong cuisine and American Chinese food, have emerged in the various nations that play host to the Chinese diaspora. Sports Main articles: Sport in the People's Republic of China and China at the Olympics Dragon boat racing, a popular traditional Chinese sport China has one of the oldest sporting cultures in the world. There is evidence that archery (Shèjiàn) was practised during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Swordplay (Jiànshù) and a form of association football (Cùjû)[426] date back to China's early dynasties as well.[427] Today, some of the most popular sports in the country include martial arts, basketball, football, table tennis, badminton, swimming and snooker. Board games such as go (known as weiqi in China), xiangqi, and more recently chess, are also played at a professional level.[428] Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Chinese culture, with morning exercises such as qigong and t'ai chi ch'uan widely practised,[429] and commercial gyms and fitness clubs gaining popularity in the country.[430] Young people in China are also enjoy soccer and basketball, especially in urban centres with limited space and grass areas. The American National Basketball Association has a huge following among the Chinese youth, with ethnic or native Chinese players such as Yao Ming and Jeremy Lin held in high esteem.[431] In addition, China is home to a huge number of cyclists, with an estimated 470 million bicycles as of 2012.[337] Many more traditional sports, such as dragon boat racing, Mongolian-style wrestling and horse racing are also popular.[432] China has participated in the Olympic Games since 1932, although it has only participated as the PRC since 1952. China hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where its athletes received 51 gold medals – the highest number of gold medals of any participating nation that year.[433] China also won the most medals of any nation at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, with 231 overall, including 95 gold medals.[434][435] In 2011, Shenzhen in Guandgong, China hosted the 2011 Summer Universiade. China hosted the 2013 East Asian Games in Tianjin and the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing. See also Portal icon China portal Portal icon Asia portal * Index of China-related articles * International rankings of China * Outline of China Footnotes 1. ^ Or (previously) "Peking". 2. ^ Portuguese (Macau only), English (Hong Kong only). 3. ^ Ethnic minorities that are recognized officially. 4. ^ Xi Jinping holds four concurrent positions: General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission for both state and party.[4] 5. ^ The area given is the official United Nations figure for the mainland and excludes Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.[5] It also excludes the Trans-Karakoram Tract 5,800 km2 (2,200 sq mi), Aksai Chin 37,244 km2 (14,380 sq mi) and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as 9,572,900 km2 (3,696,100 sq mi) by the Encyclop؟dia Britannica.[6] For further information, see Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China. 6. ^ This figure was calculated using data from the CIA World Factbook.[7] 7. ^ The Hong Kong Dollar is used in Hong Kong and the Macanese pataca is used in Macau. 8. ^ Except Hong Kong and Macau. 9. ^ The total area ranking relative to the United States depends on the measurement of the total areas of China and the United States. See List of countries and outlying territories by area for more information. 10. ^ ،¶ةذ•ّ•è÷²ؤ،·:،¸»تجى¼ب¸¶ضذ‡ّأٌش½طت½®حءسعدبحُ،¹ 11. ^ According to the Encyclopوdia Britannica, the total area of the United States, at 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi), is slightly smaller than that of China. Meanwhile, the CIA World Factbook states that China's total area was greater than that of the United States until the coastal waters of the Great Lakes was added to the United States' total area in 1996. From 1989 through 1996, the total area of US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land area plus inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (with the Great Lakes areas and the coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) in 2006, and to 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) in 2007 (territorial waters added). 12. ^ China's border with Pakistan and part of its border with India falls in the disputed region of Kashmir. The area under Pakistani administration is claimed by India, while the area under Indian administration is claimed by Pakistan. 13. ^ Xi Jinping, 59, was named general secretary of the 82- million member Communist Party and is set to take over the presidency, a mostly ceremonial post, from Hu Jintao in March.[153] 14. ^ The office of the President is a prestigious one. The President is the Head of the State. The Constitution of 1982 restores powers and functions of the President of the People's Republic of China and recognizes him as the Head of the State. But he is not the real executive like the American President but only a ceremonial Head. He can be compared with the Indian President or King/Queen of England.[154] 15. ^ Tsung-Dao Lee,[306] Chen Ning Yang,[306] Daniel C. Tsui,[307] Charles K. Kao,[308] Yuan T. Lee,[309] 16. ^ The national life expectancy at birth rose from about 31 years in 1949 to 75 years in 2008,[396] and infant mortality decreased from 300 per thousand in the 1950s to around 33 per thousand in 2001.[397] 17. ^ Whether or not Confucianism can be classified as a religion is disputed.[408] References 1. ^ Chan, Kam Wing (2007). "Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications". Eurasian Geography and Economics 48 (4): 383–412. doi:10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2011. p. 395 2. ^ a b "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)". Chinese Government. 31 October 2000. Retrieved 21 June 2013. 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USA Today. 9 September 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2013. Further reading * Meng, Fanhua (2011). Phenomenon of Chinese Culture at the Turn of the 21st century. Singapore: Silkroad Press. ISBN 978-981-4332-35-4. * Farah, Paolo (2006). "Five Years of China's WTO Membership: EU and US Perspectives on China's Compliance with Transparency Commitments and the Transitional Review Mechanism". Legal Issues of Economic Integration. Kluwer Law International. Volume 33, Number 3. pp. 263–304. Abstract. * Heilig, Gerhard K. (2006/2007). China Bibliography – Online. China-Profile.com. * Jacques, Martin (2009).When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order. Penguin Books. Revised edition (28 August 2012). ISBN 978-1-59420-185-1. * Sang Ye (2006). China Candid: The People on the People's Republic. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24514-8. * Selden, Mark (1979). The People's Republic of China: Documentary History of Revolutionary Change. New York: Monthly Review Press. ISBN 0-85345-532-5. External links Find more about China at Wikipedia's sister projects Search Wiktionary Definitions from Wiktionary Search Commons Media from Commons Search Wikiquote Quotations from Wikiquote Search Wikisource Source texts from Wikisource Search Wikibooks Textbooks from Wikibooks Search Wikivoyage Travel guide from Wikivoyage Search Wikiversity Learning resources from Wikiversity Overviews * China at a Glance from People's Daily * BBC News – China Profile * China entry at The World Factbook * China, People's Republic of from UCB Libraries GovPubs * China at DMOZ * China's Encyclopوdia Britannica entry * "Rethinking 'Capitalist Restoration' in China" by Yiching Wu * Key Development Forecasts for China from International Futures * "China on the Rise". PBS Online NewsHour. October 2005. * ChinaToday.com Government * The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (English) * China Internet Information Center (English)—Authorized government portal site to China Studies * "Assertive Pragmatism: China's Economic Rise and Its Impact on Chinese Foreign Policy". Minxin Pei (2006). IFRI Proliferation Papers. No. 15. Travel * China National Tourist Office (CNTO) Maps * Google Maps—China * Wikimedia Atlas of the People's Republic of China * Geographic data related to China at OpenStreetMap Coordinates: 35°N 103°E / 35°N 103°E / 35; 103 Kazakhstan Russia Russia Mongolia Russia Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Afghanistan North Korea Yellow Sea East China Sea People's Republic of China Pakistan India Nepal Bhutan India Burma Laos Vietnam Taiwan (Republic of China) | |
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